Investigating Design: A Review of Forty Years of Design Research Nigan BayazitWhat is Design Research ?
Design research is systematic inquiry
1: Design research is concerned with the physical embodiment of man-made things, how these things perform their jobs, and ho they work
2: Design research is concerned with construction as a human activity, hw designs work, how they think, and how they carry out design activity.
3: Design research is concerned with what is achieved at the end of a purposeful design activity, how an artificial thing appears, and what it means.
4: Design research is concerned with the embodiment of configurations.
5: Design research is systematic search and acquisition of knowledge related to design activity.
The objectives of design research are the study, research and investigation of the artificial
All design research reports are related to the history or past
Each research report has to prove its roots in the past
The roots of design research are found within the Bauhaus, which was established as the methodological foundation for design education
Develop a “design science” that would obtain maximum human advantage from a minimal use of energy and materials
Due to technological developments and the implications of mass production, interest had to be shifted from the hardware and form to the consideration of human needs
First Generation Design Methods
“Systematic design methods”
Everyone was systematizing his or her own approach to design, and externalizing it as design method
Incorporating scientific techniques and knowledge into the design process.
They were attempting to work out the rational criteria of decision making, and trying to optimize the decisions.
Confrontation
Behaviorists, representing a mechanized, quantified view of design.
Existentialist/phenomenologist (formerly Marxist) concerned , above all “ with the humanness”
Provide a format for researchers to present their current work for evaluation from their peers.
To encourage dialogue between the researchers and the practitioners who are interesting in the application of this work.
Researcher & Practitioner
Studies related to planning methods
The consequences of the illegitimate simplifications of the first generation design techniques
Second- Generation Design Methods
Finding appropriate solutions was very difficult and each solution to a problem created new problems to be solved
The first generation design methods were formulated and applied by scientists and designers
Were identified by them during the design process, which caused rigidity in design decisions and unexpected failures
Argumentative method
Problem identification methods
User involvement in design decisions and the identification of their objectives were the main characteristics of the second-generation methods
The success of the participatory design process depended on the designer’s awareness of user values
Development of Scientific Research in Design
Throughout the 1920s, industrial fatigue research became the most important subject
Increasing the efficiency
Cybernetics influenced many design methodologists
Began to develop research methods for the artificial
Profession-based theories, user-based theories, user-profession-based theories
Building appearance & Dealing with profession
New generation of systematic design methods
Developing a science of engineering design and the establishing design as an accepted field of engineering research
Close relationship between design research and the development in the IT field, especially in cognitive sciences and “ artificial intelligence” ( AI) and expert systems.
Designing behaviors of expert designers
Relationship between practice and research in design
Conclusion
Articles and book chapters concerning state-of-the-art reviews, the history of the discipline, or original conference proceedings and other documents were used in this paper
Design research & its relevance to design methodology & scientific research
Most design research studies were made in architecture
Future studies in various design disciplines including: engineering, psychology , social psychology, management , economies, semantics, and ergonomics
Method Designing : the Paradox of Modern Design Education Jessica HelfandDraw on emotions to achieve a true understanding of a character
Ultimately reveal the degree to which a character could be a hugely complex human being with feelings, emotions and often-conflicting desires.
There are always expectations to the rule, deviations from the principal learning curve
How do you teach discipline and promote invention?
Achieving honesty increases chances in engaging your audience as a result.
Self-aware, idiosyncratic abstraction that seems to lie at the core of the theoretical process
The part that amplifies personal memory and replays it as objective truth.
In an effort to produce designers who can think for themselves, we ask our students to identify a method which becomes evident through the work that they produce
The richness of their sources testifies to an ability to engage a large universe, and their work benefits
In being true to ourselves, we distance ourselves from a more universal truth
Authenticity
“Love the art in yourself, not yourself in the art.” To better understand our selves as authors requires a certain amount of self-reflection,
Self-knowledge cannot be a method. It is simply a motive
The Problem: The Heart of the Research Process Leedy & OrmrodThe statement of the problem must first be expressed with the utmost precision
Then divided into more manageable sub-problems
Finding Research Projects
Problems for research are everywhere
Research intimately related to the ever-expanding and exploding universe of knowledge
Some research projects are intended to enhance basic knowledge
Such projects, which can advance human beings’ theoretical conceptualizations about a particular topic, are known as basic research
Address issues that have immediate relevance
Such projects, which can inform human decision making about practical problems, are known as applied research
Basic research and applied research
